The present invention discloses a flow-through phytoplankton species and cell density detection device, including a shell, a data acquisition and processing module and a host computer module, the shell is provided with a flow chamber, a fluorescence detection module and a holographic imaging detection module, the fluorescence detection module includes an excitation light source illumination light path and a fluorescence detection optical path arranged orthogonally with each other, the fluorescence detection module and the holographic imaging detection module are respectively connected to the data acquisition and processing module, and the data acquisition and processing module is connected to the host computer module. The present invention adopts a flow-through structure to continuously detect phytoplankton species and cell concentration in seawater, constructs a multi-channel fluorescence detection optical path and improves the collection efficiency of weak light signals, designs a holographic imaging detection optical path, overcomes the limitations of traditional microscopic imaging with a small depth of field, has the advantages of low cost, compact structure, small size and is not affected by natural environmental light, etc., and can realize the automatic identification of phytoplankton species in water and rapid measurement of cell concentration.
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