The invention discloses an immersion optical fiber fluorescence phytoplankton measuring system. The system comprises an excitation unit, a fluorescence receiving unit and a data acquisition and control unit, wherein the excitation unit comprises a laser (1) and a conduction optical fiber (3); the fluorescence receiving unit comprises an underwater immersion module (4), a detection optical fiber (2), an optical filter (10) and a photoelectric conversion module (6); the data acquisition and control unit comprises a computer (9), a data acquisition module (8) and a gating signal module (7); and the whole system is divided into an underwater part and an overwater part. The immersion optical fiber fluorescence phytoplankton measuring system has an impact structure, a small volume, high sensitivity and strong anti-electromagnetic interference capacity, is convenient to maintain, can complete on-line measurement of phytoplankton in a water body at different depths so as to realize stereo measurement of the content of the phytoplankton, and can be widely applied to rapid and real-time monitoring of the concentration of the phytoplankton.
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