The invention belongs to the field of environmental science and engineering and material science, and particularly relates to a mercury ion imprinted polymer based on dithizone chelation and a preparation method of the mercury ion imprinted polymer. The mercury ion imprinted polymer is prepared with chelate as a template molecule, (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane as a functional monomer and tetraethoxysilane as cross-linking agents on basis of chelation of mercury and dithizone in a sol-gel method. The polymer has high adsorption capacity for mercury ions, good mass transfer rate, excellent identification selectivity, high reusability and high antijamming capability. The polymer achieves high-selectivity enrichment on mercury ions in environmental and biological samples in combination with the solid-phase extraction technology and can be further used for separation and removal of mercury ions.
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