The invention belongs to the fields of material science and engineering and biological separation engineering, and particularly relates to a quantum dot-based protein imprinted polymer microsphere as well as preparation and application thereof. The CdTe quantum dot is directly used as a functional monomer through taking mercaptoacetic acid (TGA) and glutathione (GSH) together as a stabilizer, protein is a template molecule, dopamine is a cross-linking agent, and the imprinted polymer microsphere is obtained through the auto polymerization of the dopamine. The quantum dot-based protein imprinted polymer microsphere as well as the preparation and the application thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that fluorescence signals of the quantum dots are utilized for detection, and the functionalized quantum dots are directly taken as functional monomers, so that the quantum dots are contained in imprinted holes. Therefore, the detection sensitivity can be improved. Meanwhile, an imprinted polymer layer is obtained through the auto polymerization of the dopamine, and the imprinting process is further simplified. The quantum dot-based protein imprinted polymer microsphere is used for analysis and detection on phycocyanin in a sea water and lake water sample and bovine hemoglobin in a bovine urine sample, the adding standard recovery rate can reach 90 percent or higher, and the reuse performance is good.
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