The present invention relates to an electrochemical method for quickly detecting inorganic phosphorus dissolved in water body. According to the method, a functional suction head with double functions of filtering a water sample and loading a reagent is combined with an electrochemical sensor and a piston type pipettor, so that the integrated closed test of the dissolved inorganic phosphorus in the water body is realized. The functional suction head is disposable and easy to disassemble. The electrochemical sensor comprises a working electrode, a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode. The three electrodes are all wire electrodes. Said invented electrochemical sensor is low in cost, high in sensitivity and good in stability, and can be continuously used for several times and can be kept in stable state. In addition, the device is simple to operate and convenient to carry, high-energy-consumption and large-volume accessories such as a peristaltic pump, a reagent reactor and the like used in the prior art are avoided, water sample collection and detection can be completed within 3 minutes, and the device can be widely applied to water body dissolved inorganic phosphorus test.
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