The utility model belongs to the technical field of environmental biological monitoring, specifically relating to an alga classifying and distinguishing instrument based on chlorophyll analysis. In the instrument, laser emitted by a mixed double-beam light source is irradiated on a sample detecting pool, and an exciting light color filter and an exciting light monochrome transilluminator are successively installed on a light path between the mixed double-beam light source and the sample detecting pool; and fluorescent light produced by exciting the sample in the sample detecting pool is projected onto a system analyzing unit through a secondary exciting light color filter, a secondary exciting light spectrum adjusting control unit and a light spectrum amplifier in sequence. The instrument can classify and distinguish algae quickly and conveniently according to excitation wavelength and light intensity variation as well as the wavelength and light intensity variation of secondary exciting light.
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