中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室知识库

互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)是我国危害最严重的外来入侵植物之一,探索环保、经济、有效地防治互花米草的技术对保护我国海滩生态环境具有重要意义。本研究通过人工气候室(20~25℃)的盆栽实验,研究刈割与淹水对互花米草萌发和幼苗生长的影响。实验持续4个月,对互花米草地上部分进行了2次刈割,首次刈割是在互花米草生长季结束时,3个月后进行第二次刈割。首次刈割后持续淹水至实验结束,淹水处理设计0、5、10、20 cm四个淹水深度。首次刈割后各淹水处理互花米草根茎上迅速萌发克隆苗,种子的萌发比克隆苗晚约3个月。不同淹水深度对克隆苗的萌发和生长均有抑制作用,克隆苗株数、株高和地上生物量均随淹水深度增加而减少。第二次刈割后各淹水处理均没有再萌发克隆苗,但有少量种子实生苗,其中20 cm水深处理的实生苗数量最少。刈割加淹水可以很好地抑制互花米草的萌发和幼苗生长,据此建议互花米草防治方案为:在春季萌芽前,修筑堤坝,保持淹水20 cm,在营养生长期后期贴地刈割互花米草,继续淹水,第二年重复同样的刈割和淹水。为防止二次入侵,需要在邻近的互花米草分布区同时进行治理。 

Spartina alterniflora is one of the most noxious invasive plant species in China.Exploring environment-friendly,economic and effective technique of controlling S.alterniflora is of great significance for the protection of the coastal environment.In the present study,the effects of mowing and waterlogging on germination and seedling growth of S.alterniflora were studied by a pot experiment in an artificial climate chamber(20-25 ℃).The experiment lasted for four months and S.alterniflora was mown twice.The first mowing was carried out at the end of the growing season of S.alterniflora and the second mowing occurred three months later.After the first mowing,the soils were continuously waterlogged.Four waterlogging depths were set up:0,5,10,and 20 cm.The seedlings sprouted rapidly on the rhizome of S.alterniflora after the first mowing.The germination of seeds was about three months later than that of clonal seedlings.Waterlogging inhibited the germination and growth of clonal seedlings.The number of clonal seedlings,plant height and aboveground biomass decreased with the increases of waterlogging depth.After the second mowing,no clonal seedlings reappeared;however,a small amount of seeds germinated in waterlogging treatments.The number of seedlings in the 20 cm waterlogging treatment was the least.According to our results,mowing plus waterlogging can inhibit the germination and seedling growth of S.alterniflora.Furthermore,mowing and waterlogging is not harmful to the environment.The recommended control technique of S.alterniflora is:(1) building a dam before the spring germination and waterlogging the soil at 20 cm depth,(2) mowing the aboveground part of S.alterniflora in the later stages of vegetative growth and continued waterlogging,and(3) repeating mowing and waterlogging in the second year.In order to prevent secondary invasion,it is necessary to simultaneously implement the same technique in the adjacent S.alterniflora growth