环渤海湾不透水面时空格局变化及其景观生态效应研究

	环渤海湾不透水面时空格局变化及其景观生态效应研究
	翟珂 1,2
学位类型	硕士
导师	吴晓青
	2015-05-14
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	地图学与地理信息系统
关键词	环渤海湾不透水面遥感与gis 空间格局景观生态
摘要	不透水面(Impervious Surface Area, ISA)是一种常见的人工建筑地表特征，经常被作为评价区域生态环境健康的重要指标，也被广泛的应用在区域城市扩张监测研究中。不透水面不仅对区域地表水—地下水循环、水文环境以及局部气候的有一定的影响，也在一定程度上加剧城市热岛效应和雨岛效应，进而影响整个区域生态系统的健康平衡。因此，开展对不透水面空间格局及其时间变化的相关性研究具有重要意义。遥感可以提供实时、观测范围大的卫星影像数据，中等分辨率的Landsat卫星影像以其自身的优势，已逐渐成为不透水面研究的重要数据源，新卫星Landsat8的成功运行及其搭载的传感器的改进也可为不透水面的相关研究提供最新的影像数据。渤海湾是我国北方经济发展重心，其地理位置特殊，海岸带生态系统脆弱，对人类活动敏感。随着沿海经济的发展以及港口工业的兴起等，该区域内不透水面的空间格局变化加快。掌握不透水面空间格局，揭示滩涂湿地、植被等资源与不透水面扩张之间的关系，对科学合理地推进渤海湾周边城市化进程和海岸保护提供参考依据。本研究在参考大量遥感影像分类和不透水面提取研究文献的基础上，采用最小噪声分离法（Minimum Noise Fraction Rotation, MNF）和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine, SVM）分类相结合的方法，利用Landsat 5卫星搭载的专题制图仪(Thematic Mapper, TM) 传感器影像和Landsat8卫星搭载的陆地成像仪(Operational Land Imager, OLI)传感器影像，对环渤海湾内陆区域两期影像的不透水面进行自动提取，利用GIS空间分析功能，分析不透水面的空间格局和时间变化特征，研究不透水面扩张导致的景观格局变化、海域空间资源资源占用和植被资源损失等景观生态效应。本研究的创新点有：使用最新的OLI传感器影像提取环渤海湾不透水面现状，并从海岸区位角度分析不透水面分布及其扩张的海岸梯度效应；在提取过程中，对于大面积的盐碱地影响不透水面提取精度的问题，采用将盐碱地作为单独一类端元，与传统四端元模型相结合的方法，有效的去除大面积盐碱地，提高不透水面的提取精度。研究结果显示，基于MNF和SVM的不透水面提取方法具有较好的可操作性，2000年TM影像提取总精度为92.33%，kappa系数为0.80，2013年OLI影像的提取总精度为95.06%，kappa系数为0.90，提取精度满足研究需要；OLI影像在不透水面的细节上的表达更具优势，色彩丰富度提高，改善了TM影像校正后的过饱和现象。海岸线两侧陆域和海域以及内陆中心建成区是环渤海湾沿岸不透水面分布和扩张的重点区域，不透水面分布趋海化现象明显；不透水面现状特征呈大斑块、团状格局分布；不透水面的扩张占用了大量的滩涂等海域空间资源，其中，2013年研究区不透水面占用滩涂资源总量约为464.32km²；研究区植被覆盖减少与不透水面扩张之间在空间分布上并不具有完全的一致性，在城市建成区两者呈现明显的此消彼长现象，而农村地区该现象并不明显。未来将进一步结合已有研究成果，分析不透水面扩张对环渤海湾水质环境的影响等。
其他摘要	Impervious surface area, defined as anthropogenic materials the water cannot infiltrate, is an important indicator to measure the zonal environmental quality, and is widely used in estimation of urban sprawl studies. It can not only affect the urban hydrological cycle, water quality, water environment and local climate, but also increases the heat island effect and rain island effect and threatens the whole local ecosystem health. So, it is significant to estimate the spatial patterns and changes of impervious surface area. With the advantages in timely and large scale, remote sensing has long been an important data source. The Landsat satellite data with mid-resolution are commonly used in impervious surface area studies. The success of the new satellite, Landsat 8, which carries an advanced sensor, offers the new imageries for impervious surface area studies. As the economic core region in China, Bohai Bay is sensitive to human activities with fragile ecological environment. Analyzing the spatial pattern and revealing the relationship among wetland resource, vegetation resource and impervious surface area, are significant to the urbanization process, regional economic integration and industrial structure rationalization in Bohai Bay. By reading a large number of references about remote sensing classification and impervious surface area extraction, the impervious surface area surrounding Bohai Bay coastal zone was extracted automatically based on the imageries of Landsat 5/TM and Landsat 8/OLI. The method that combined the MNF (Minimum Noise Fraction Rotation) with SVM (Support Vector Machine) method is used in this study. Under the spatial analysis of GIS, a series of work was done in this study: (1) estimating the spatial distribution of impervious surface area developed by regions, coastline buffer strips and industrial parks; (2) calculating and analyzing the spatial changes and the construction of the main industrial parks of impervious surface area during 2000~2013; (3) analyzing the landscape indices and the occupation of vegetation and other resources to clarify the eco-environment effect of impervious surface area expansion. The innovations were as follows: the new satellite imageries were used in impervious surface area extraction; in the processing, the pure pixels of saline alkali soil were selected artificially as the end-member, to remove the saline alkali soil from impervious surface area. The results show that the method in this study is efficiency and operability. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of TM and OLI imageries are 92.33%/ 0.80 and 95.06%/0.90 respectively, which can satisfy the need of the study; OLI imagery has an advanced improvement over TM imagery in color, details expression and super-saturation. Impervious surface area expansion is concentrated on offshore area along the coastline and the center metropolises inland; impervious surface area distributes as a reunite state. Inpervious surface area occupies great resources, i.e. about 464.32 km² tidal-flat resource; there is no homogeneity completely between of impervious surface area expansion and vegetation decrease，especially in rural area compared with center metroplises. In the future, the hydrology environment will be taken into account with the results of our thesis.
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/7930
专题	中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所知识产出_学位论文
作者单位	1.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 2.中国科学院大学
第一作者单位	中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	翟珂. 环渤海湾不透水面时空格局变化及其景观生态效应研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2015.

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