黄河三角洲新生滨海湿地土壤—植物系统硫时空分布特征研究

	黄河三角洲新生滨海湿地土壤—植物系统硫时空分布特征研究
	褚磊
学位类型	硕士
导师	于君宝
	2014-05-16
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	环境科学
关键词	黄河三角洲
其他摘要	摘要营养元素的循环是现代湿地生态学研究的热点。硫的生物地球化学过程在湿地系统中起着重要的作用。为了更好的了解硫在湿地系统中的分布特征，本文以黄河三角洲新生滨海湿地为研究对象，通过野外定位观测、采样，原位试验和室内测试，研究了典型湿地土壤各形态硫含量和储量的时空分布，典型湿地植物硫含量和累积量的季节动态以及典型湿地植物枯落物和根分解返还的硫动态过程，建立了典型湿地土壤—植物系统硫循环模式。主要结论如下：（1）新生滨海湿地典型样带上0～60cm土壤总硫含量在364.02～1089.39 mg/kg之间，硫储量为482.10±136.64 g/m²，土壤硫的水平分布沿植物演替方向呈递减趋势，且植物演替中间区域土壤剖面总硫波动高于滨海和近河区域。三种典型湿地中，有机硫是土壤总硫的主要成分，两者随时间变化基本一致呈先降低后升高趋势，而土壤无机硫则随季节波动较为复杂。黄河三角洲典型新生滨海湿地土壤硫的时空分布主要受土壤理化性质，植物和海水硫输入综合影响。（2）不同湿地芦苇各器官硫含量季节动态呈一致性的波动变化，而不同湿地碱蓬各器官硫动态差异显著。两种湿地的碱蓬为了适应各自的水盐环境，在碱蓬湿地叶中的硫处于较高水平，而在芦苇-碱蓬湿地其叶与茎和根硫之间存在明显的季节性转移。典型湿地植物季节内硫先累积后流失与枯落物变化相反，硫在植物和枯落物中存在季节性的转移。不同湿地的芦苇和碱蓬各器官硫累积量季节动态与其生物量动态基本一致，且芦苇和碱蓬主要的硫累积器官分别是根和叶。（3）芦苇和碱蓬各器官干物质残留率呈快-慢交替的分解模式，可分为缓慢分解期、加速分解期和减速分解期三个阶段。这两种植物分解时各组分硫含量呈升-降交替变化，其中碱蓬各组分硫含量变化一致性较好。分解时，芦苇的穗、根和立枯物以及碱蓬的茎和根中的硫呈累积-释放模式，芦苇的叶和茎以及碱蓬的根中硫则呈完全释放模式。C/S比值是决定分解物中硫累积和释放的主要因素，比值高时，硫固持，比值降低时，硫释放。另外，两种植物各组分硫的绝对含量和干物质残留量正相关，表明干物质损失是引起分解物中硫含量变化的原因之一。（4）结合土壤、植物硫分布，建立了湿地土壤—植物系统硫分室循环模式。芦苇湿地、芦苇-碱蓬湿地和碱蓬湿地，土壤系统向植物系统净流出量分别为1.201 g·m^-2·a^-1、5.172 g·m^-2·a^-1和1.890 g·m^-2·a^-1，表明这三种典型湿地中土壤系统硫库是源，植物系统是汇。此外，枯落物硫库和土壤硫库同周边硫库存在明显的硫交换过程。关键词：黄河三角洲；新生滨海湿地；硫分布；土壤—植物系统 ; Abstract Lei Chu (Environmental Science) Directed by Professor Junbao Yu The cycles of nutrient elements are the focus of modern wetland ecology research. The process of sulfur biogeochemical cycle plays an important role in wetland systems. In order to understand the distribution of sulfur in wetland system, newborn coastal wetlands in the Yellow River delta were taken as objects to research the spatial and temporal distribution of content and reserve of different forms of sulfur in soil, the seasonal dynamic of content and cumulant of plant sulfur, and the dynamic of sulfur in decomposing process of litter and root in typical wetlands, by means of field sampling, in-situ test and laboratory test. Then the model of sulfur in soil-plant system was established. The main results are as follows: (1) In the transect of newborn coastal wetland, the content of sulfur in 0～60cm soil was 364.02～1089.39 mg/kg and the sulfur reserve was 482.10±136.64 g/m², the horizontal distribution of sulfur showed a trend of decline along plant succession direction, and the fluctuation of sulfur of soil profile in intermediate region of plant succession was higher than that in the areas of coast and near river. In three typical wetlands, organic sulfur was the main component of total sulfur; both were basically the same showing a trend of decreased firstly and increased subsequently with the time variation. While the fluctuation of inorganic sulfur was more complicated, changing with season. The spatial and temporal distribution of sulfur in newborn coastal wetlands of Yellow River delta was the results of the comprehensive action of soil physicochemical properties, plant and sulfur input from sea water. (2) The sulfur content in reed organs of different wetlands fluctuated in consistency, while the dynamic of sulfur content in reed organs of different wetlands were significantly different. The content of sulfur in suaeda leaf of suaeda wetland was in high level, and sulfur in suaeda organs between stem, root and leaf existed seasonal metastasis obviously, in order to adapt to each water and salt environment. Sulfur between plant and litter also existed seasonal metastasis, sulfur in plant of typical wetlands accumulated firstly and lost subsequently in the season, contrary to sulfur in the litter. The seasonal dynamics of sulfur accumulation in the organs of reed and suaeda were similar to that of their biomass, and the main sulfur accumulation organ of reed and suaeda were root and leaf respectively. (3) The decomposition modes of organs of reed and suaeda were alternate changes of fast and slow, it could be divided into three phases: slow decomposition period, accelerated decomposition period and decelerated decomposition period. Sulfur content in each component of these two plants was alternate changes of rise and fall, and sulfur content in each component of suaeda had a good consistency of change. Sulfur in the spike, root and standing litter of reed as well as the stem and root of suaeda showed a mode of accumulation and release, while sulfur in the leaf and stem of reed as well as root of suaeda showed a mode of complete release. The ratio of C/S was the main factor which decided accumulation and release of sulfur in decomposer. When the ratio of C/S was high, sulfur was immobilized; when the ratio of C/S was low, sulfur was released. In addition, the relationship between absolute sulfur content of each component of the two plants and residual of dry matter was positive correlation. It indicated that the loss of dry matter was one of reasons that caused the change of sulfur content in decomposer. (4) Combining the distribution of sulfur in soil and plant, the mode of sulfur cycle in soil-plant system was established. In reed wetland, reed-suaeda wetland and suaeda wetland, the net outflow from soil system to plant system were 1.201 g·m^-2·a^-1, 5.172 g·m^-2·a^-1和1.890 g·m^-2·a^-1 respectively. It showed that in three typical wetlands, sulfur pool of soil system was the source and sulfur pool of plant system was the sink. Moreover, sulfur existed obviously exchange processes among sulfur pool of litter, soil and peripheral system. Key words: Yellow River Delta; Newborn coastal wetland; Sulfur distribution; Soil-plant system
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/7079
专题	中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所知识产出_学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	褚磊. 黄河三角洲新生滨海湿地土壤—植物系统硫时空分布特征研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2014.

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