四种常见绿潮物种生长和营养盐利用的生态学研究
何进
学位类型硕士
导师刘东艳
2014-05-23
学位授予单位中国科学院大学
学位授予地点北京
学位专业环境工程
关键词绿藻 绿潮 营养盐 氮稳定同位素
摘要绿潮(Green-tide)已经成为了一个全球性的生态问题,世界上绝大部分沿海国家和地区均爆发过绿潮灾害。本文通过对浒苔(Ulva prolifera)、肠浒苔(Ulva intestinalis)、石莼(Ulva lactuca)以及孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)四种主要绿潮成因藻种的生态学调查以及营养盐利用特征的研究,并对在烟台地区采集到的石莼、孔石莼以及肠浒苔样品的氮稳定同位素特征进行分析,从营养盐的角度探讨绿潮形成的生态学机制,解释了主要物种生成绿潮的物质基础,研究可为绿潮预警提供基础支持和资料参考,从而减少绿藻的大规模生长和增殖给烟台等地的近海生态环境带来的不良影响及经济损失。 2010年4月采集了江苏省南通市如东县紫菜养殖筏架上的浒苔和肠浒苔样品,对两种浒苔在不同温度和营养盐环境下的生长情况进行了研究,分析了其不同生长特点及对环境变化的响应。结果表明,浒苔在15-25 ºC范围内,在浓度相对较高的营养盐组中相对生长率较高。肠浒苔在温度为10-20 ºC范围内,在浓度较低的营养盐组中相对生长率较高。据此,推测两种浒苔自身的生理生态特征及其对环境变化的响应是影响其生长的重要因素。 2013年3月于江苏如东采集了浒苔样品。在烟台潮间带采集了肠浒苔、石莼、孔石莼样品。研究了四种绿藻对不同营养盐的生态学响应机制,实验结果表明,在氨氮浓度为100 μM至500 μM的浓度范围内,浒苔、肠浒苔和孔石莼三种绿藻对氨氮的吸收速率均高于对硝酸盐的吸收速率。氨氮浓度为1000 μM时,限制了浒苔和肠浒苔的生长,而未对石莼和孔石莼的藻体生长产生抑制。当硝酸盐浓度从50 μM增至1000 μM时,与肠浒苔相比,硝酸盐浓度的增加并没有对孔石莼的生长产生明显的促进作用。与较高浓度的磷酸盐(30-60 μM)条件相比,肠浒苔在较低浓度的磷酸盐(15 μM)或不额外添加磷酸盐的条件下生长情况较好。而孔石莼的生长状况在0~30 μM的磷酸盐浓度范围内并未表现出明显变化。对磷酸盐的响应机制尚需进一步研究。 2013年3月至5月在烟台石沟屯潮间带和月亮湾采集了孔石莼、石莼以及浒苔样品。对所采集样品的氮稳定同位素组成进行了分析,实验结果表明研究区域受到了一定程度的人类活动的影响,说明了氮排放是导致绿潮爆发的重要因素。
其他摘要Green-tide has become an ecological problem worldwide, and it has been occurred in most of the coastal states in the world. Ecology observation and nutrients analysis has been carried out focusing on four alga, namely, Ulva prolifera, Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca, Ulva pertusa as main species inducing green tide. Moreover, the nitrogen stable isotope of Ulva prolifera, Ulva lactuca and Ulva pertusa collected in the intertidal zone of Yantai were analyzed. The purpose of our research is to elaborate the material fundament of specific algae arising green tide, and it is significant to avoid green tide, meanwhile reduce adverse impacts of the bloom of green alga on marine ecology environment and economic losses as the source of responsible suggestion. Samples of Ulva prolifera and Ulva intestinalis were collected from Porphyra yezoensis culture rafts in Nantong, Jiangsu Province in April, 2010. The growth characteristics of two species under different temperature and nutrients conditions were studied. The results showed that the relative growth rate of U. prolifera was high at the temperature between 15-25 ºC and high nutrient concentrations. In a comparison, the relative growth rate of U. intestinalis was higher at the temperature between 10-20 ºC and lower nutrient concentrations. It indicated that the algae’s biomass was mainly affected by their eco-physiological characteristics and adaptation to the changing environmental conditions. In March 2013, U. prolifera were collected in Rudong,Jiangsu. Additionally, U. intestinalis, U. lactuca and U. pertusa were sampled in intertidal zone, Yantai. This paper discusses impacts of different nutrient on the growth of four green alga and the experimental results demonstrate that: concerning ammonia experiment, the ammonia up take rates of U. prolifera, U. intestinalis, U. pertusaare were higher than the nitrate up take rates when the ammonia concentrations were between 100 μM and 500 μM; the growth of U. prolifera and U. intestinalis were restricted when the ammonia concentration was 1000 μM, but its did not have adverse effects on the growth of U. lactuca and U. pertusa. For nitrate experiment, there was an obvious decreased trend of the growth of U. pertusa. Nevertheless, the growth of U. intestinalis was increasing when the nitrate concentration was ranged from 50 μM to 1000 μM. About phosphate experiment, the growth of U. intestinalis was better in lower phosphate concentration (<15 μM) than in the higher concentration between 30 μM and 60 μM, meanwhile, the growth of U. pertusa did not change obviously when the phosphate concentration was under 30 μM. The respond mechanisms of phosphate need further study. Samples of U. pertusa, U. lactuca and U. prolifera were collected in Shigoutun and Yueliangwan in May 3rd, 2013. The nitrogen stable isotopic composition of the algae was analyzed. It indicated that both of the study areas were affected by human activities and the nitrogen emissions could be an important factor inducing green-tide.
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/6894
专题中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所知识产出_学位论文
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何进. 四种常见绿潮物种生长和营养盐利用的生态学研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2014.
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