本研究于2010年4月到2011年3月期间，对胶州湾和烟台近海（包括四十里湾和套子湾）浮游植物群落结构的时空变化特征开展了为期一年的双月调查。对浮游植物的群落结构、季节变化、物种演替特征及环境影响因子进行了详细的比较研究，以期为深入了解浮游植物对环境的响应机制以及建立该海域健康生态环境的管理提供基础资料。

本文的研究内容分为两部分。第一部分比较研究了胶州湾与烟台近海浮游植物群落结构时空分布特征，旨在比较胶州湾与烟台近海浮游植物在种类组成、周年变化特征、空间分布特征以及群落结构的异同。在胶州湾共发现浮游植物61属117种，烟台近海共发现78属187种，在调查海域，硅藻在数量和物种组成上均为主要类群，其次为甲藻。浮游植物细胞丰度、多样性指数（H'）和均匀度（J）呈现明显的季节特征：胶州湾细胞丰度的周年变动范围为0.3-175.0×10⁴ cells•L^-1，调查期间仅出现一次高峰，出现在3月；烟台近海细胞丰度的变动范围为0.6-156.7×10⁴ cells•L^-1，最高峰出现在8月，次高峰出现在春季（3，4月）。对两个海域各调查月细胞丰度进行均值比较发现：4月和6月胶州湾和烟台近海浮游植物细胞丰度无显著差异（P>0.05），其他月份两个调查海域细胞丰度具有显著差异（P<0.05）。胶州湾多样性指数（H'）的周年变动范围是0.46-3.02，烟台近海多样性指数（H'）的变动范围是1.23-2.55，胶州湾多样性指数最高值出现在8月，最低值在3月，烟台近海6月和10月最高，而8月反而最低。胶州湾均匀度（J）的周年变动范围是0.13-0.80，烟台近海为0.28-0.68，胶州湾与烟台近海均匀度都在10月出现最高值，也分别在细胞丰度最高峰的3月和8月最低。对各月多样性指数（H'）和均匀度（J）数进行均值比较发现，除10月外，其他调查月份胶州湾浮游植物的多样性均显著高于烟台近海（P<0.05），胶州湾均匀度水平在全部调查月份均高于烟台近海（P<0.05），即胶州湾生态环境质量优于烟台近海。胶州湾和烟台近海浮游植物优势种具有明显的季节特征，且两个海域同一时期的优势种差异较大。在生物量较高的季节，胶州湾和烟台近海浮游植物细胞丰度湾内、外差异显著，生物量较低时湾内、外空间分布特征不显著。利用Primer 6.0软件包中的聚类分析（Cluster analysis）和非度量多维标度（non-metric multi-dimensional scaling，NMDS）等多元统计方法对6个航次浮游植物群落结构的平面分布格局进行了研究。研究发现除10月外，胶州湾与烟台近海浮游植物群落结构具有显著差异；4月，烟台湾内、外存在显著差异；6月大沽夹河河口的浮游植物群落结构有别于烟台近海其他站位。

第二部分分析了胶州湾和烟台近海浮游植物的环境影响因子，旨在比较环境对南、北黄海两个近岸海域的作用。利用Primer 6.0软件包中的BIOENV和RELATE过程对环境因子和浮游植物群落进行连接，用于本研究的环境因子有表层海水温度（SST）、表层海水盐度（SSS）、溶解性无机氮（DIN）、活性磷酸盐（SRP）、活性硅酸盐（DRSi）及三种营养盐的比值。结果表明：6月，胶州湾浮游植物细胞丰度与SSS及DRSi显著相关；8月，DIN和N：Si比是胶州湾浮游植物细胞丰度分布特征的最佳解释变量组合；1月，胶州湾浮游植物细胞丰度与SST显著相关，其他月份所分析环境因子并不能很好的解释浮游植物细胞丰度的分布。烟台近海浮游植物的环境因子与胶州湾有所不同，4月，烟台近海SST、SRP和DRSi最能解释浮游植物的分布特征；6月DIN与细胞丰度显著相关；8月DIN、SRP、N：P比的组合是浮游植物的影响因子。

The temporal and spatial variations of phytoplankton community were bimonthly conducted during April 2010 to March 2011 in the Jiaozhou Bay and the coastal waters of Yantai (Sishili bay and Taozi Bay). A comparative study was made to analyze the phytoplankton community structure, seasonal changes, species succession characteristics and environmental impact factors of the Jiaozhou Bay and Yantai coastal waters in detail. The aim of this study is to provide basic information for understanding the mechanisms of phytoplankton responses to environmental factors deeply and establishing the management of healthy ecological environment of the area.

This paper consists of two parts. The first part studied the temporal and spatial variations of phytoplankton community structure of Jiaozhou Bay and Yantai coastal waters. The purpose of this part is to compare species composition, annual variations, horizontal distributions of phytoplankton in the Jiaozhou Bay and Yantai coastal waters. A total of 117 species belonging to 61 genera in Jiaozhou Bay and 187 species belonging to 78 genera in Yantai coastal waters were identified. Diatoms dominated in abundance and species richness, followed by Dinoflagellates. There existed significant temporal variations in terms of cell abundance, Shannon-Wiener index (H') and evenness (J): cell abundance ranged from 0.3×10⁴ cells•L^-1 to 175.0×10⁴ cells•L^-1 with a peak in March in the Jiaozhou Bay and ranged from 0.6 ×10⁴ cells•L^-1 to 156.7×10⁴ cells•L^-1 with a higher peak August and a lower peak in spring (March and April) in Yantai coastal waters. Mean comparison was used to compare cell abundance of each month of these two areas. In April and June, cell abundance of Yantai coastal waters and the Jiaozhou Bay was not significantly different (P>0.05), and the difference of the two areas was significant in other investigation months (P<0.05). The scope of Shannon-Wiener index (H') in the Jiaozhou Bay was 0.46 to 3.02, with the highest value in August and lowest value in March. Shannon-Wiener index (H') ranged from 1.23 to 2.55 in Yantai coastal waters, with the higher values in June and the highest value of the Jiaozhou Bay, the diversity index in August, the lowest value March and on the contrary highest in August. Evenness index (J) ranged from 0.13 to 0.80 in the Jiaozhou Bay, and ranged from 0.28 to 0.68 in Yantai coastal waters, both with the highest values in October and lowest in months with higest cell abundance (March and August, respectively). Using mean comparison to compare Shannon-Wiener index (H') and evenness (J) of the Jiaozhou Bay and Yantai coastal waters. The Jiaozhou Bay's phytoplankton diversity were significantly higher than those in Yantai coastal waters (P<0.05) except in October, and evenness was significantly higher in the Jiaozhou Bay than those in Yantai coastal waters (P<0.05), which indicated that the Jiaozhou Bay’s eco-environmental quality was better than Yantai coastal waters. The dominant species varied with seasons and there were obvious differences during the same period between the two areas. The cell abundance difference between the inner bay and the outer bay was significant when biomass was high, but not significant when biomass was low. Clustering analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and other multivariate statistical methods were conducted by Primer 6.0 software package to study the horizontal distribution patterns of phytoplankton community structure during the six cruises. The study found that the phytoplankton community structure of the Jiaozhou Bay and Yantai coastal waters had significant differences except in October, and it was significantly different between the inner bay and the outer bay in April, and was significantly different between the Dagujia River estuary and the other sites of Yantai coastal waters.

The second part analyzes the environmental impact factors of the phytoplankton in the Jiaozhou Bay and Yantai coastal waters, with an aim to compare the role of the environment in the two near-shore waters in the North and South Yellow Sea. BIOENV and RELATE process were conducted by Primer 6.0 to connect the environmental factors and phytoplankton community. The environmental factors used in this study were surface seawater temperature (SST), surface seawater salinity (SSS), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and dissolved reactive silica (DRSi) and the ratios of two of the three nutrients. The results showed that phytoplankton cell abundance significantly related to SSS and DRSi in June, and DIN, N: Si ratio were best combination to explain phytoplankton cell abundance distribution characteristics in August, and phytoplankton cell abundance and SST had significant correlation in January in the Jiaozhou Bay. In other survey months, phytoplankton cell abundance distribution couldn’t be well explained by the given environmental factors. In Yantai coastal waters, environmental impact factors of phytoplankton were different from the Jiaozhou Bay. SST, SRP and DRSi were the combination that can best explain the distribution characteristics of phytoplankton in April; DIN was significantly related to cell abundance in June, and DIN, SRP, and N: P ratio were the best combination of the impact factors of phytoplankton.