基于多源遥感数据的中国东部地表过程研究-以植被指数、地表温度和蒸散发为例
朱明明
学位类型博士
导师施平 ; 侯西勇
2012-05-27
学位授予单位中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点北京
学位专业环境科学
关键词植被指数 地表温度 蒸散发 遥感 中国东部地区 黄河三角洲
摘要

基于时间序列的遥感参数数据集,刻画各种地表过程的演变规律,是区域变化研究的重要内容。植被指数和地表温度是描述地表过程的重要参数,分别在植被生长监测、土地覆盖分类、物候特征识别与信息提取以及水文循环、生态、环境等研究中具有重要意义。蒸散发是地表水分循环过程中的重要环节,是水量平衡和能量平衡的重要组成部分。基于时间序列重建后的2001~2010年的MODIS植被指数和地表温度数据产品,分析中国东部地区植被覆盖和地表温度的时空分布特征及演变趋势;基于Landsat TM和MODIS两种数据源估算黄河三角洲的日蒸散发和月蒸散发,分析蒸散发的空间格局及其对土地利用/土地覆盖变化的响应特征。取得的主要结论如下:
(1)植被覆盖的时空动态特征及变化趋势
2001~2010年植被覆盖的年内特征表明,中国东部地区整体的植被覆盖具有明显的季节变化规律,与植物生长的季节变化相一致。中国东部地区整体和东北区、黄淮海区、长江中下游区、江南区、华南区5个子区的NDVI曲线均随时间呈单峰分布,在7、8月份NDVI达到最高,随区域地理位置由北向南,NDVI曲线波动(振幅)逐渐减小,表明高纬度地区较低纬度地区植被覆盖的季相变化更为显著。10年间平均月NDVI空间分布显示,绿波和褐波在中国东部地区随纬度不同具有明显的季相变化规律,反映了植物和生态、环境的季节变化规律。
植被覆盖年际特征表明,10年间中国东部NDVI平均值在0.54~0.58之间,总体保持平稳,波动不大;纬度范围对植被覆盖的影响较为显著,5个子区域的植被覆盖由北向南依次增加;空间分布格局大致相似,低植被覆盖区主要位于东北区西部、河北西北部农牧交错区、黄河三角洲、鲁中丘陵、都市圈周围(北京、天津、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲),高植被覆盖区主要位于江南区和华南区,特别是台湾中东部、海南中南部,是植被覆盖最高的区域。
植被覆盖的变化趋势表明,中国东部地区在10年间植被覆盖以不显著的改善特征和退化特征为主,前者稍占优势,其中秋季改善状况最好。未来的变化趋势主要表现为不显著的改善且未来将持续改善和不显著的退化且未来将持续退化两种特征。5个子区中,除江南区年内主要表现为不显著的退化且将持续退化特征外,其余4区均主要表现为不显著的改善且未来将持续改善特征,而所有区域在秋季都表现为不显著的改善且将持续改善趋势,且以10月份的改善状况最优;植被覆盖为不显著的退化且将持续退化的区域大致分布在大型城市或城市群周围,如:辽中南城市群、北京-石家庄-郑州-洛阳城市带周围、武汉市周边、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、台湾大部分地区。
(2)地表温度的时空动态特征及变化趋势
2001~2010年地表温度的年内特征表明,地表温度的季节性变化明显,5~8月份中国东部地区地表温度普遍偏高,南北各区域温差较小,冬季温差最高,1月份是各区域温差最大的月份,且随着纬度由北向南,季节温差依次缩小,表明纬度范围对地表温度影响显著。
地表温度的年际特征表明,10年间中国东部平均地表温度在19.70~20.70℃之间,总体保持平稳,波动不大;纬度范围对地表温度的影响较为显著,5个子区的地表温度由北向南依次增加;地表温度总体空间格局特征为:南高北低、平原盆地高山脉丘陵低、都市高水域低。
地表温度的变化趋势表明,10年间中国东部地区以趋势不显著的降温和升温为主要特征,而降温特征占主导。未来主要表现为不显著的降温且未来将持续降温和升温且未来将持续升温两种特征,降温优势明显,其中春季降温趋势为主,而冬季增温趋势稍占优势。5个子区中,除江南区年内主要表现为不显著的升温且将持续升温特征外,其余4区均主要表现为不显著的降温且未来将持续降温特征,而所有区域在春、夏季节都表现为不显著的降温且将持续降温的趋势,以3、4月份的降温区域最多;而除东北区外,其它4个区域在冬季均表现出不显著的升温且将持续升温的态势。
(3)蒸散发的时空动态特征及其对土地利用/土地覆盖变化的响应特征
黄河三角洲2009年5~10月份生长季的蒸散发呈单峰分布,季节性变化特征显著。蒸散发的空间分异特征较为显著,受下垫面条件影响突出,高值区主要分布在东部以林地为主的国家级自然保护区、河口区大范围盐田和养殖池、中部东营市区周边的平原水库区以及南部广饶的优质农田区域。土地利用类型决定了日蒸散发的水平,不同下垫面蒸散发的日均值从大到小依次为:水体、滩涂、苇地、林草地、耕地、建设用地和未利用地。23年间,研究区58.74%的区域土地利用/覆盖类型发生了变化,其中未利用地→水体不仅是转移面积最大的类型,也是所有转移类型中蒸散强度变化最大的类型;而蒸散强度发生变化的区域占总面积的52.77%,其中剧烈增加的区域中有91.51%的区域土地利用/覆盖类型发生了变化,以未利用地→水体为主;蒸散强度减少的区域以耕地→建设用地和耕地→林草地为主。

其他摘要 The study on the law of land surface process evolution based on time series of remote sensing data set is an important part of regional changes. Vegetation index and Land surface temperature are key parameters describing land surface process that are of great significance in the vegetation growth monitoring, land cover classification, phenology characteristics identification and hydrologic cycle, ecological environment, respectively. Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of land surface water cycle and also of the water and energy balance. Based on reconstructed time series Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) products from 2001 to 2010, the space-time characteristics and evolving trends of vegetation and land surface temperature in the eastern China are investigated in this paper. Besides, Daily and monthly ET are evaluated based on Landsat TM and MODIS data in the yellow river delta (the YRD). The characteristics in space-time and their response to Land use / cover change are analyzed.
(1)Spatial-temporal characters of NDVI and its evolving trend
NDVI has obvious season rule in the eastern China form 2001 to 2010 that is consistent with the growing features of plants. NDVI curves of the Eastern China, Northeast zone, Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe zone, the lower-middle reaches of Yangtze River, Jiangnan zone, South China zone are all single-peak distribution with highest values in July and in August. Amplitude of NDVI curve decreases gradually accompanying with the regional geography position from north to south.
Interannual characteristics of NDVI show that vegetation remains stable with average annual NDVI ranging between 0.54 and 0.58 in the Eastern China. The regular of NDVI distribution is controlled by the changes of latitude. The NDVI decreases from north to south in return. Space distribution pattern is similar, low NDVI areas are located mainly in the west of Northeast zone, farming-pastoral areas of Hebei province, the YRD, hilly county of central Shandong, around the metropolis (Beijing, Tianjin, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta), however, high NDVI areas are mainly located in the Jiangnan zone and South China zone, especially in the eastern Taiwan, south and central part of Hainan.
The vegetation performs two kinds of trends, one is that vegetation was improved and will be improved in the future; and the other is that vegetation was degenerated and will be degenerated in the future. All zones show degraded and continued degradation characteristics except Jiangnan zone. Areas of vegetation that was degenerated and will be degenerated are mainly distributed in big cities or around urban agglomeration, such as Liaoning center-city groups, areas around cities of Beijing-Shijiazhuang-Zhengzhou-Luoyang, Wuhan, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and most parts of Taiwan.
(2)Spatial-temporal characters of LST and its evolving trend
LST changes obviously corresponding to the seasons. LST is higher from May to August than other months in the Eastern China, and the differences in LST are small between north and south regions. The differences in LST are the highest in winter with the greatest differences in January. The differences in LST for seasons narrow from north to south revealing that latitude is of significant effects to LST.
The average annual LST is between 19.70 and 20.70℃ and remains stable in the Eastern China. Latitude has remarkable influence on LST. LST of the five zones increases from north to south. The overall space characteristics of LST are: high in south areas but low in north areas, high in plains and basins but low in mountains and hills, high in urban cities but low in water bodies.
The LST mainly shows two kinds of trends, one is that LST was decreased and will be decreased in the future; and the other is that LST was increased and will be increased in the future. All zones show decreased and continued decreased characteristics except Jiangnan zone. The LST of all zones shows decreased trends both in spring and in summer. The LST of all zones shows increased trends in winter except the Northeast zone.
(3)Spatial-temporal characters of ET and its response to land use/cover change
Monthly ET in the growing seasons from May to October in 2009 is single-peak distributed with a well seasonal variation in the YRD. Spatial differences of ET in the YRD are significant for different land use types. High-value areas are mainly distributed in the national nature reserve located in the eastern part of Dongying, saltern and sea water culture zones in the Hekou district, the surrounding reservoirs of the central urban area of Dongying, high-quality farmland in Guangrao country. Land use types decide the level of ET. The mean value of ET in the decreasing order is: water body, beach, reed land, grassland and forest, farmland, construction area, unused land. Land use/cover accounting for about 58.74% of the study area had changed in the past 23 years, in which unused land transferring to water body is the most of all transfer types. Areas that ET intensity had changed accounted for 52.77% of the YRD, and land use/cover accounting for about 91.51% of the total area had changed for ET increased sharply areas. Unused land transferred to water body was the main transfer type for ET increasing areas while farmland transferred to construction area was the main transfer type for ET decreasing areas.
语种英语
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/5631
专题中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所知识产出_学位论文
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朱明明. 基于多源遥感数据的中国东部地表过程研究-以植被指数、地表温度和蒸散发为例[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2012.
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