渤海中部浮游植物与环境因子的空间关系及季节差异分析

	渤海中部浮游植物与环境因子的空间关系及季节差异分析
其他题名	无
	张莹
学位类型	硕士
导师	刘东艳
	2016-05-28
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	环境科学
关键词	渤海浮游植物环境因子相关性分析
摘要	针对渤海中部及其邻近海域富营养化及赤潮频发等生态环境问题，本研究对该海区水环境因素与浮游植物的季节变化开展了研究，并应用统计方法分析了浮游植物生物量及群落结构与环境因子之间的相关性。野外调查分别于2013年7月（夏季）、2014年5月（春季）和2014年11月（秋季）搭乘国家基金委公开航次展开，分析测定了水温、盐度、营养盐、叶绿素a的分布特征，并运用特征色素法研究了浮游植物群落结构的空间分布特征及季节差异，同时探究了不同季节影响浮游植物生物量及群落结构分布的主要因子。研究结果对研究渤海生物资源变动规律、赤潮等生态灾害的爆发机制的等具有重要意义。调查结果表明：春季黄河口附近呈小范围高温低盐特征，而渤海海峡呈低温高盐特征，且中、底层尤其明显，显示了黄河淡水输入及黄海水的影响。黄河口附近呈小范围DIN高值，底层营养盐浓度略高于表、中层，可能是由于沉积物再释放的影响。营养盐的浓度和结构特征表明，春季调查海区存在硅限制和磷限制现象，且硅限制更为严重。叶绿素a的高值区位于黄河口及滦河口附近，显示了陆源输入的作用，且表层浓度略高于中、底层。主成分分析（PCA）结果表明，温度、盐度、无机氮及氮磷比是影响海区叶绿素a分布的主要因素。春季浮游植物群落组成特征表现为，硅藻为海区优势类群，相对丰度高达57%，其分布呈湾口及海峡高于中部的特征。隐藻次之，相对丰度约为29%，高值区位于黄河口及莱州湾湾口附近。青绿藻平均相对丰度约为10%，在海峡附近呈相对高值。绿藻、金藻、甲藻和定鞭藻的相对丰度介于1%-3%之间，蓝藻和原绿球藻为海区生物量最低的类群，相对丰度不到0.3%。垂直分布上，硅藻的相对丰度由表至底呈上升趋势，而其他类群则呈下降趋势或波动不明显的特征。浮游植物与环境因子的典范对应分析（CCA）结果表明，温度、盐度、无机氮浓度和硅氮比是影响海区浮游植物群落结构及分布的主要因素。夏季水体出现明显分层现象，调查海区水温整体较高，且表层水温明显高于中、底层。黄河口附近呈大范围盐度低值区，并由黄河口向外辐射增加，且表层受淡水影响最大。营养盐浓度在水平分布上表现为渤海中部偏黄河口及莱州湾侧明显高于其他海区，垂直分布上，中、底层高于表层。营养盐的浓度与结构特征表明，夏季调查海区存在磷限制和硅限制，且磷限制尤为严重。叶绿素a的高值区主要集中在河口区附近，这显示了陆源输入对海区浮游植物生长的影响。PCA的结果表明，相比水温和盐度，营养盐的作用更为显著，且硅酸盐、氮磷比、氮硅比是影响叶绿素a浓度空间分布的主要因素。隐藻成为海区生物量最高的类群，相对丰度约占54%，高值仍主要集中在黄河口和莱州湾侧。硅藻的相对丰度下降为19%，调查海区西北部及海峡处生物量较高。青绿藻、蓝藻和定鞭藻的相对丰度介于5%-10%之间，金藻、甲藻和绿藻的相对丰度介于1%-5%之间。原绿球藻在调查海区生物量最低，相对丰度仅为0.1%左右。垂直分布上，隐藻和硅藻的生物量和相对丰度随水层加深呈上升趋势；定鞭藻、金藻和蓝藻的浓度和相对丰度呈表层明显高于中、底层的特征；其他藻种则表现为表层略高于中、底层。CCA结果表明，夏季调查海区营养盐浓度和结构是影响浮游植物群落结构及分布的主要因素。秋季的显著特征为垂直混合均匀，水层间差异不显著。黄河口附近出现小范围低温低盐区，海峡附近为高盐特征，并形成高盐水舌深入渤海中部。营养盐浓度水平明显高于春、夏季，营养盐浓度及结构特征表明，秋季调查海区基本不存在营养盐限制状况。秋季叶绿素a浓度明显低于春、夏季，在中部及海峡附近浓度相对略高，而垂直差异不显著。PCA结果表明，温度和盐度是影响海区叶绿素a分布的主要因素。浮游植物群落结构特征表现为硅藻（44%）和隐藻（37%）联合占优。青绿藻相对丰度约为13%，分布呈东高西低的特征。绿藻和定鞭藻的相对丰度介于1%-3%之间，蓝藻、甲藻和原绿球藻的相对丰度接近，约为0.5%。金藻的相对丰度最低，仅占0.01%。由于垂直混合均匀，因此水层间差异不大。CCA结果表明，秋季温度、盐度、总无机氮浓度和氮磷比是影响海区浮游植物群落机构和分布的主要因素。综上，浮游植物生物量和群落结构对营养盐、温度等环境因子的响应存在显著的季节差异，营养盐的浓度与结构是重要的影响因素，相比夏季，水温和盐度在春、秋季作用更加显著。此外，与以往研究结果对比发现，隐藻和青绿藻在群落组成中占相当大的比重，对初级生产的贡献可能有显著影响，不可忽视。
其他摘要	In this thesis, spatial distribution and season variation of seawater temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations and phytoplankton community structures were investigated in the Bohai Sea in July 2013, May 2014 and November 2014. The results showed significant seasonal differences. We also analyzed the correlation between phytoplankton and environmental factors based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The result explored the main factors affecting the phytoplankton biomass and community structures in different seasons and provided basic materials for the studies of biological resources and ecological disaster in the Bohai Sea. In spring, influenced by the Yellow River and the Yellow Sea, the Yellow River Estuary (YRE) showed high temperature and low salinity while the Bohai Strait was inverse. The total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was much higher in the YRE than other areas. Vertically, the nutrient concentrations of bottom layer were slightly higher than the surface and middle layers. Phosphate and silicate limitations were found according to the nutrient concentrations and structures and the silicate limitation was more serious. The Chl-a concentration was much higher in the YRE and the Luanhe Estuary and the concentration of surface layer was a little bit higher than the middle and bottom. The result of PCA indicated that temperature, salinity, inorganic nitrogen and DIN to phosphate ratio (N/P) were the main factors affecting the distribution of Chl-a. Diatoms were the most important class in the study area and the relative abundance was 57%. And the central area showed lower diatoms biomass than other areas. The high value areas of cryptophytes were located in the YRE and Laizhou Bay and the relative abundance was 29%. Prasinophytes showed high values in strait areas and the relative abundance was 10%. The relative abundances of chlorophytes, chrysophytes, dinoflagellates and haptophytes were between 1% and 3%. Cyanobacteria and prochlorococcus were the fewest classes that the relative abundance was less than 0.3%. Vertically, the relative abundance of diatoms were increased with the depth while others were decreased or had no significant changes. The result of CCA showed that temperature, salinity, DIN and silicate to DIN ratio (Si/N) were the main factors affecting the phytoplankton community structures in spring. In summer, vertical gradients were found with higher temperature, lower salinity and nutrient concentrations in the surface water than the middle and bottom layers. On the horizontal pattern, the YRE and Laizhou Bay were characterized by lower salinity, higher temperature and nutrient concentrations than other areas. The nutrient characteristics showed obvious relative and absolute phosphate limitation in the study area and the silicate supply from river discharge relieved the silicate limitation. High Chl-a concentration was mainly found around the estuaries which illustrated the influence of terrigenous materials. The result of PCA indicated that salinity, phosphate and silicate concentrations, DIN to phosphate ratios and DIN to silicate ratios were major factors related to the Chl-a distribution. Besides, the temperature may have an effect on the vertical variations of Chl-a concentration. Cryptophytes became the dominant class and the relative abundance reached 57%. The high value regions were still in the YRE and Laizhou Bay. While the relative abundance of diatoms dropped to 19% and mainly distributed in the northwestward and strait areas. The relative abundances of prasinophytes, cyanobacteria and haptophytes were all between 5% and 10%. While relative abundances of chlorophytes, chrysophytes and dinoflagellates were between 1% and 5%. The relative abundance of chrysophytes, cyanobacteria and haptophytes of the surface layer were much higher than the middle and bottom layers while diatoms and cryptophytes were opposite. The result of CCA showed that the concentrations and structures of nutrients were the main factors affecting the phytoplankton community structures in summer. In autumn, the most obvious characteristic was vertical mixing uniformity. Small area of the YRE showed low temperature and salinity. While the Bohai Strait showed high salinity and the high salinity water tongue extended to the central area. The nutrient concentrations were much higher while the Chl-a concentration was much lower than spring and summer. The nutrient concentrations and structures indicated that the nutrient limitation almost disappeared in autumn. The result of PCA indicated that temperature and salinity were more important factors affecting the Chl-a distribution. Diatoms and cryptophytes were the dominant classes and the relative abundance were 44% and 37% respectively. And their high values both distributed in the strait and central areas. The distribution of prasinophytes could be described as high in the east and low in the west and relative abundance was 13%. Chlorophytes and haptophytes were between 1% and 3% and cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates and prochlorococcus were about 0.5%. Chrysophytes were the least class that the relative abundance were only 0.01%. The result of CCA showed that temperature, salinity, DIN and (N/P) were the main factors affecting the phytoplankton community structures in autumn. The main factors effecting the phytoplankton biomass and community structures were significantly different. The concentrations and structures of nutrient were the important factors, while the impact of temperature and salinity were more remarkable in summer. Cryptophytes and prasinophytes were found high biomass in the Bohai Sea which should not ignore.
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/13839
专题	中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所知识产出_学位论文
作者单位	中国科学院大学烟台海岸带研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张莹. 渤海中部浮游植物与环境因子的空间关系及季节差异分析[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2016.

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