乳糖衍生物的制备及活性研究
冯艳
学位类型硕士
导师郭占勇
2013-05-12
学位授予单位中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点北京
学位专业海洋化学
关键词乳糖 乳糖衍生物 抗氧化活性 抑菌活性 吸湿保湿性
摘要   乳糖(β-D-galactosyl-D-glucose),作为一种天然存在的双糖,由于其只存在于哺乳动物的乳汁中而得名,它是婴儿的一种营养必需品,在婴儿智力发育的关键时期起着重要的作用。目前乳糖主要作为添加剂应用于食品行业或作为药物载体应用于制药行业。乳糖衍生物与乳糖具有相似的特征和应用。乳糖经乳酸菌发酵生成的乳酸已被证明有益于人体健康;乳糖醇由于其低甜、低热和难龋蛀性而被广泛应用于食品中;乳糖分解产生的半乳糖具有很高的营养价值,在儿童营养品中的应用逐渐增多。还有证据表明,当乳糖连接到壳聚糖上之后就会导致细胞破裂从而抑制肠毒素产生。近年来,功能性乳糖衍生物的发展引起了越来越多的关注。    论文主要研究以乳糖为主体进行的化学修饰,分别合成了带有正电性的氨基乳糖和带有负电性的羧甲基乳糖,并对氨基乳糖与羧甲基乳糖进行了相应的活性研究。    氨基乳糖合成方法是将乳糖六位伯羟基溴化,其他位的仲羟基进行乙酰保护后,继而将六位溴经叠氮取代,三苯基膦还原叠氮为氨基,最后利用水合肼脱去乙酰基,得到氨基乳糖。对氨基乳糖进行抗氧化活性测试和抑菌活性测试。氨基乳糖的抗氧化能力与乳糖相比提高显著,浓度为1.6 mg/mL时,清除羟自由基、DPPH自由基、过氧化氢、超氧自由基的能力分别为95.78%、74.41%、67.08%、44.69%;同时氨基乳糖的还原能力也有明显提高。抑菌活性研究表明氨基乳糖在较高浓度时对细菌有一定的抑制作用。活性数据表明氨基修饰可提高乳糖的抗氧化活性和抑菌活性。    羧甲基乳糖的合成是利用氢氧化钠活化六位羟基之后与氯乙酸反应。对羧甲基乳糖进行了吸湿保湿性的研究,羧甲基乳糖的吸湿保湿性高于透明质酸,具有作为吸湿保湿剂开发的前景。;    Lactose (β-D-galactosyl-D-glucose), as a natural disaccharide only presents in the milk of mammals, is a necessary nutrition for infants and plays a vital role in the development of intelligence. Lactose has been mainly used as ingredients in food and as carriers of medicines in the pharmaceutical industry. As compared to lactose, lactose derivatives have similar characteristics and applications. Lactic acid was fermentation by lactic acid bacteria from lactose has been proven to be beneficial to human health; Lactitol is used widely in food because of its low sweet, lower calorific and difficult to caries; When lactose was broke into galactose, it has a high nutritional value which increased its application in children nutrition products. Further evidences show that, when lactose is drafted to chitosan, these derivatives would cause cell leakage and inhibit the production of enterotoxin. The development of functional lactose derivatives is thereby arousing growing interests.    In this paper, lactose derivatives with lactose as main body, amino-lactose with positively charged and carboxylmethyl lactose with negatively charged were synthesized. Based on the report, different activity properties of amino-lactose and carboxymethyl lactose were tested appropriated.    The way to synthesis amino-lactose as follows: lactose was used as raw material, primary hydroxyl group was turned to bromine, secondary hydroxyl groups were defended by acetyl, then the bromine was substituted by azide, after reduction by triphenylphosphine the azide was converted into amino, finally in the use of hydrazine hydrate to deactivate, obtaining the amino-lactose. Compared with lactose the antioxidant activity of the amino-lactose was much better. At the concentration of 1.6 mg/mL the scavenging effects against hydroxyl radicals, DPPH radicals, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals was 95.78%,74.41%,67.08%,44.69%, respectively; At the same time reduction ability of amino-lactose also improved obviously. Antibacteria activity showed that amino-lactose had an inhibition action at high concentration. All the data make it clear that when lactose was modified by amino,the antioxidant activity and antibacteria activity was improved.   Synthesis of carboxymethyl lactose is as below: the sodium hydrate was used to activate the primary hydroxyl group to react with chloroacetic acid. The study of moisture adsorption and retention activity of carboxymethyl lactose showed that carboxymethyl lactose is better than hyaluronic acid after 8 h, which indicates that the carboxymethyl lactose can be used as humectant.
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/6349
专题中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所知识产出_学位论文
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冯艳. 乳糖衍生物的制备及活性研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2013.
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