我国民用煤和生物质燃烧源的多环芳烃排放特征及其控制减排
海婷婷
学位类型硕士
导师陈颖军 研究员 ; 于德利 应用研究员 ; 王艳 助理研究员
2013-05-24
学位授予单位中国科学院大学
学位授予地点烟台
学位专业环境工程
关键词多环芳烃(pahs) 甲基pahs 民用燃煤 生物质 排放因子 影响因素
其他摘要

   近年来,大气环境中的多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)受到了越来越多的关注。我国PAHs排放主要来自于民用煤与生物质的燃烧,研究我国民用燃烧源的PAHs排放具有重要的环境和健康意义。根据我国民用燃烧源所涉及的燃料类型、燃烧方式和炉灶类型,利用大型全流稀释采样系统采集了不同燃烧条件下的民用燃烧源样品,初步分析获得了我国民用燃烧源PAHs的排放因子(EFPAHs)实测数据,分析了不同情形下的民用燃烧源的PAHs(包括优控PAHs和甲基PAHs)排放特征及其影响因素,并结合国内民用燃料使用的基础数据,计算了民用燃烧源的PAHs排放量,为我国民用燃烧源PAHs的控制减排提供依据。结果表明:       

       1)烟煤的16种优控PAHs排放因子(EFPAHs)在块煤燃烧方式下的变化范围为1.1~3.9 mg·kg-1,在蜂窝煤燃烧方式下的变化范围为2.5~21.1 mg·kg-1,无烟煤的EFPAHs在块煤与蜂窝煤燃烧方式下分别为0.2 mg·kg-10.6 mg·kg-1;而不同煤种和燃烧方式的8种甲基PAHs排放因子(EFA-PAHs)差别显著。其中,烟煤在块煤与蜂窝煤两种燃烧方式下的变化范围分别为0.5~1.6 mg·kg-163.9~100.1 mg·kg-1,无烟煤以块煤与蜂窝煤燃烧的EFA-PAHs分别为0.1 mg·kg-167.3 mg·kg-1      

        2)在民用燃煤EFPAHs的各种影响因素中,煤的地质成熟度起主导作用,不同成熟度煤种的EFPAHs差异幅度高达1~2个数量级;其次是燃烧形态(块煤/蜂窝煤),主要表现为同一种地质成熟度的煤在蜂窝煤燃烧方式下排放的优控PAHs比块煤高2~6倍,而蜂窝煤的平均EFA-PAHs比块煤高约2个数量级,说明作为洁净煤技术被推广使用的蜂窝煤燃烧方式存在不洁净的方面,应引起重视;炉灶类型的影响最小。      

       3)新型压块和散烧燃烧方式下,生物质燃烧源的EFPAHs范围分别为0.3-3.6 mg·kg-12.5-38.8mg·kg-1EFA-PAHs范围分别为0.1-0.5 mg·kg-10.9-3.2 mg·kg-1,生物质燃料的甲基PAHs排放远低于优控PAHs      

       4)在民用生物质源的EFPAHs的各种影响因素中,生物质的燃料类型起主导作用,差异幅度高达1-2数量级,对比新型压块燃料的 EFPAHs,玉米秸>稻壳>花生壳,对比散烧生物质燃料的EFPAHs,棉杆>麦秆>玉米杆>稻杆>玉米芯>豆秆>松木块;其次是燃烧方式,散烧燃烧方式下的EFPAHs比新型压块燃料高出1个数量级;炉灶类型的影响最小。       

       5)生物质源燃烧排放的各类PAHs中,中等分子量的PAHs所占比例最大,在PAHs同分异构体中,BbF/(BbF+BkF)特征指数较高,普遍在0.6-0.8范围内,Ant/(Ant+Phe)特征指数较低,普遍在0.1-0.3范围内。      

        6)从民用燃煤源的PAHs排放角度来看,在我国民用煤的消费结构中应尽量提高无烟煤的使用比例,在以烟煤作为主要能源的地区,应最大程度的减少气煤、肥煤与焦煤的使用,提倡使用贫瘦煤。同时我们应合理选择燃烧方式,并在此基础上尽可能依据煤种的不同,选择合适的高效煤炉。如榆林气煤,建议选择使用高效旋风炉,而中阳肥煤,应选择使用高效盛昌炉。

       7)从民用生物质源的PAHs排放角度来看,在我国生物质的消费结构中应尽可能推广使用新型压块燃料,减少玉米杆、棉杆、麦秆等PAHs排放量大的生物质燃料燃烧,并在此基础上,使用高效炉灶。

;

       In recent years, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmospheric environment have attracted more and more attention. Domestic coal and biofuel combustion have been regarded as the main source of PAHs emissions in China. Thus, studies on PAHs emissions from domestic combustion were of extremely important significance for the environment and human health. According to coal maturity, combustion form and stove type, these were associated with domestic combustion sources, a large-size, full-flow dilution tunnel and fractional sampling system was employed to collect the emissions from domestic combustion sources in different combustion conditions, obtained the emission factors of PAHs in domestic combustion sources preliminarily, analysed emission characteristics of PAHs (including priority PAHs and Alkyl-PAHs ) and its influence factors in domestic combustion sources, in order to provide the basis for PAHs emissions control. And we calculated PAHs emissions in domestic combustion sources, according to the usage of domestic fuel in China and its corresponding emission factors, so as to give proposal for PAHs emissions control. The results showed that:

      1) The emission factors of priority PAHs ( EFPAHs) of bituminous coal ranged from 1.1 mg·kg-1 to 3.9 mg·kg-1 for RCC and 2.5 mg·kg-1 to 21.1 mg·kg-1 for HCB, the anthracite EFPAHs are 0.2 mg·kg-1 for RCC and 0.6 mg·kg-1 for HCB. Notable difference existed in the emission factors of 8 A-PAHs (EFA-PAHs) of different coal/combustion form combinations. The total EFA-PAHs of bituminous coal ranged from 0.5 mg·kg-1 to 1.6 mg·kg-1 for RCC and 63.9 mg·kg-1 to 100.1 mg·kg-1 for HCB, while the anthracite EFA-PAHs ranged from 0.1 mg·kg-1 for RCC and 67.3 mg·kg-1 for HCB.

      2) Among all the influence factors of emission factors of PAHs from domestic coal combustion, the maturity of coal plays a major rolethe range of variance reaches 1 to 2 orders of magnitude in different maturity coals. Secondly is the form of combustion (RCC/HCB), EFParent-PAHs of HCB is 2-6 times higher than RCC for the same geological maturity of the coal, and the averaged EFA-PAHs of HCB were higher by 2 orders of magnitude than those of RCC. HCB had some negative effect although it was widely used in clean coal technology. The type of stove has little influence on EFPAHs.

     3) EFPAHs of domestic biofuel ranged from 0.3 mg·kg-1 to 3.6 mg·kg-1 for new compressed biofuel combustion and 2.5mg·kg-1 to 38.8 mg·kg-1 for bulk burning, EFA-PAHs ranged from 0.1 mg·kg-1 to 0.5 mg·kg-1 for new compressed biofuel combustion and 0.9 mg·kg-1 to 3.2 mg·kg-1 for bulk burning. Emission of A-PAHs was much lower than that of priority PAHs in domestic biofuel combustion.

     4) Among all the influence factors of emission factors of PAHs from domestic biofuel combustion, the type of biofuel plays a major rolethe range of variance reaches 1 to 2 orders of magnitude in different types of biofuel. Compared EFPAHs of new compressed biofuel, corn stalks > rice husk > peanut shell. And contrasted EFPAHs of bulk biofuel, cotton stalk> straw> corn stalk> rice straw> corn cob> bean stalk> pine blocks. Secondly is the form of combustion (new compressed fuel and bulk burning), EFPAHs of bulk biofuel is higher than that of new compressed biofuel by one power of ten. The type of stove has little influence on EFPAHs.

      5) Molecular weight PAHs has the largest proportion of all the PAHs emit from domestic biofuel combustion. Among all the PAHs isomers, characteristic exponent of BbF/(BbF+BkF) was relatively high, ranged from 0.6 to 0.8, Ant/(Ant+Phe) was relatively low, ranged from 0.1 to 0.3.

     6) From the point of view of PAHs emissions in domestic coal combustion, we should maxmize the use percentage of anthracite in coal consumption structure in China. In the region where bituminous coal was often as the main source of energy, we should minimize the use of gas coal, fat coal and coking coal, and promote the use of meager lean coal. Chose a reasonable combustion form combined with the use of highly efficient coal stove. At the same time, select the appropriate and efficient stove depending on the type of coal. Such as YuLin gas coal, we should choose to use high-efficiency cyclone stove, and ZhongYang fat coal, select to use efficient Shengchang stove.

     7) From the point of view of PAHs emissions in domestic biofuel combustion, we should maxmize the use percentage of new compressed fuel in biofuel consumption structure in China. Reduce the combustion of corn stalks, cotton stalks, wheat straw and other biofuel fuel which emit large PAHs, on this basis, use high-efficiency stove as far as possible.

语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/6347
专题中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所知识产出_学位论文
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GB/T 7714
海婷婷. 我国民用煤和生物质燃烧源的多环芳烃排放特征及其控制减排[D]. 烟台. 中国科学院大学,2013.
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