海岸带信息集成与战略规划研究中心知识库

(1) 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院

With the expansion of aquaculture, there is an increasing concern regarding issues such as conflicts with multi-sea use, low productivity, and higher economic costs. The selection of suitable sites for aquaculture is essential for utilization of sea space and improvement of the efficiency and profits of aquaculture industry. Kelp(Saccharina japonica)is the main culture species in Sanggou Bay and the surrounding waters. The assessment of suitability for kelp culture has been conducted with factors, including light intensity, water temperature, velocity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, salinity, and depth. The remote sensing is employed to obtain the information of the existing culture areas. The environment variables were collected from field surveys along with model simulations. The Dynamic Energy Budget(DEB)model-STELLA model coupled with analytic hierarchy process was applied to calculate weighted-sums of scores for suitability evaluation. The result showed that the suitability scores were 0~6.7 with the main distribution range of 4~6. 23% of area was estimated to be the most suitable for kelp culture, whereas 10% of total study area was not suitable. The high score areas are mainly located in Ailian Bay and Chudao eastern surrounding waters, whereas the low score areas are mainly located in the shallow waters near the shore. The results have provided a guideline to help in site selection and in the management of kelp culture.

目前水产养殖面临用海冲突、单位面积和人均生产率偏低、养殖业的生态和经济成本较高等问题。为充分利用海区的自然生产力,提高养殖效率和效益,需要对海区进行适宜性评价,选择最适宜的水域进行养殖。以桑沟湾及周围海域主要的养殖品种海带(Saccharina japonica)作为评价对象,选取光照、温度、流速、无机氮、盐度、深度作为适宜性评价指标,利用遥感技术确定海区养殖布局,通过野外调查和数据模拟获取养殖海区环境参数数据,根据动态能量学(Dynamic energy budget, DEB)模型--STELLA模型敏感性分析结果,并结合层次分析法计算评价指标权重,海带生长相关环境因子的强制函数拟合得到单因子评分曲线进行评分。最后,采用线性加权叠加分析方法得到海带养殖适宜性评价结果。适宜性评价过程以地理信息系统(Geographical information systems,GIS)作为技术支持,利用GIS空间插值功能生成光照、温度、流速、无机氮、盐度、深度专题图层,采用栅格计算功能对各专题图层进行叠加,得到综合多因素的海带养殖适宜性评分和适宜性等级。评价结果显示,在不考虑用海冲突的情况下,桑沟湾及周围海域海带养殖适宜性分数分布在0~6.7范围内,分值主要集中在4~6分,属于中等适宜,占研究区总面积的67%,最适宜和不适宜分别占研究区总面积的23%和10%,无一般适宜区。评分较高的区域主要分布在北部爱莲湾和楮岛东部海域周围,适宜性评分较低的区域主要位于近岸水深较浅的海域。根据适宜性评价结果可进行水域空间规划和安排养殖生产计划,为管理部门开展养殖分区和海洋功能区划提供参考。