The invention belongs to the field of biochemical separation and purification, and particularly relates to a separation and purification method of arthrospira proteins. The separation and purification method comprises the following steps of : adequately soaking arthrospira powder in PBS (phosphate buffer solution), uniformly mixing, standing in a dark place for 24-72 hours at normal temperature, centrifuging, and collecting a supernatant; performing ultrafiltration and concentration on the supernatant via a filtration membrane, adding chitosan in the concentrate so that the pH of the mixed solution achieves 6.5-7.2, and stirring; centrifuging the mixed solution which is uniformly stirred to obtain a supernatant, adding water in the supernatant and performing ultrafiltration and concentration on the supernatant via the filtration membrane, and replacing sodium ions via ultrafiltration to obtain the purified concentrate; and carrying out spray-drying on the concentrate to obtain the pharmaceutical-grade arthrospira proteins. The pharmaceutical-grade arthrospira proteins obtained by the method disclosed by the invention have a purity (A620/A280) of greater than 3.0, wherein the content of phycocyanin is greater than 61.5%, the content of allophycocyanin is less than 3%, and the content of other proteins is less than 2%. The method disclosed by the invention is low in production cost, simple and effective, and suitable for preparing the pharmaceutical-grade arthrospira proteins.
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