基于遥感水边线的环渤海地区潮滩研究

	基于遥感水边线的环渤海地区潮滩研究
	刘向阳
学位类型	硕士
导师	高志强
	2016-05
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	地图学与地理信息系统
关键词	潮滩环渤海地区水边线现状动态变化
摘要	潮滩是海陆交互作用的敏感地带，对保护海岸生态系统、促进沿海地区经济发展具有重要作用。近年来，大规模的围填海工程造成了潮滩资源的巨大变化，迫切需要掌握宏观、准确的潮滩信息。基于此，本研究选取经济快速发展的环渤海地区作为研究区，综合遥感和GIS技术研究更加准确的潮滩资源提取方法，并在此基础上从现状和动态变化两个方面开展更加全面的潮滩研究。本文的主要研究内容为：（1）使用环境卫星影像作为数据源，综合DSAS软件和Jenks Natural Breaks分类方法对大量不同时刻的水边线进行分析确定出潮滩范围。（2）分析2014年环渤海地区潮滩资源存量和分布特征及其开发程度和利用方式。（3）选择现代黄河口和曹妃甸两个区域作为典型区，研究2009~2014年间潮滩动态变化信息和驱动因素。研究结果表明：①2014年环渤海地区潮滩资源的存量为2778.59 km²，其中绝大多数分布在河流入海口和海湾附近。②2014年环渤海地区整体的潮滩开发度为1.95，绝大多数的潮滩资源已经被人们开发利用；修建养殖池是最常见的利用方式，而用于农业围垦的比例最小，未被开发的潮滩大多分布在基岩岸线和砂质岸线附近。③泥沙输运供应模式发生改变是潮滩侵蚀或者淤积的主要原因；大量的围填海工程会造成潮滩面积的减少，同时也会改变潮滩分布的形态。本文的特点及创新点为：基于遥感水边线提出一种改进的潮滩提取方法，提出潮滩开发度指标、结合海岸线类型对潮滩开发程度和利用方式进行研究。综上，本研究从提取方法、分布特征、开发程度、利用方式和动态变化等方面对潮滩开展研究，一定程度上丰富了潮滩研究的方法和技术，同时对促进潮滩的合理利用和可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。
其他摘要	Tidal flats, the sensitive area between marine and terrestrial environment, play an important role in protecting coastal ecosystems and promoting the economic development of coastal regions. In recent years, large-scale sea reclamations have led to great changes for tidal flats, and macroscopic and accurate knowledge of them is urgently required. Based on this, this paper selects the Bohai Rim as the study area whose economy is rapidly developing and studies the more accurate method for extracting the extent of tidal flats using remote sensing and GIS synthetically. Then, comprehensive researches from two aspects, including status and dynamics change, are conducted. The main research contents are listed as follows: (1) This paper uses HJ-1A/B satellite images as the data source. Various waterlines under the different times are analyzed by DSAS software and Jenks Natural Breaks classification method synthetically to determine the extent of tidal flats. (2) Analyze the status and distribution characteristics, and the development degree and the use pattern of tidal flats in the Bohai Rim on 2014. (3) Analyze the dynamic changes and driving forces of tidal flats in modern Yellow River estuary and Caofeidian region from 2009 to 2014. The results prove that: ①In 2014, the stock of tidal flats in the Bohai Rim was 2778.59 km² and the overwhelming majority of them distributed in the vicinity of river estuaries and bays. ②In 2014, the overall development degree of tidal flats in the Bohai Rim was 1.95 and the overwhelming majority of tidal flats had been developed and utilized. The most common use pattern was aquaculture pond establishing, while the proportion of tidal flats used for agricultural reclamation was the smallest. Undeveloped tidal flats were mainly distributed near bedrock coastlines and sandy coastlines. ③The change of sediment transportation mode is the main reason for erosion and deposition, and massive sea reclamations could cause the losses of tidal flats and change their distributions. The innovations of this paper are presenting an improved method for mapping tidal flats based on remote sensing waterlines, and analyzing the development degree by introducing tidal flat development degree and use pattern by combining coastline types. To sum up, this paper studies on extraction method, distribution characteristics, development degree, use pattern and dynamic changes of tidal flats, which could enrich research methods and technologies for tidal flats and promote rational utilization and sustainable development of tidal flats.
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.yic.ac.cn/handle/133337/13836
专题	中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所知识产出_学位论文
作者单位	中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所
第一作者单位	中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	刘向阳. 基于遥感水边线的环渤海地区潮滩研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2016.

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